A laser rangefinder is an instrument that uses laser light to accurately measure the distance to a target (also called laser ranging). When the laser rangefinder is working, it emits a very thin laser beam towards the target. The photoelectric element receives the laser beam reflected by the target. The timer measures the time from emission to reception of the laser beam and calculates the distance from the observer to the target. If the laser is emitted continuously, the measuring range can reach about 40 kilometers, and the operation can be carried out day and night. If the laser is pulsed, the absolute accuracy is generally low, but it can achieve good relative accuracy when used for long-distance animal measurements. The world‘s first laser was successfully developed in 1960 by Maiman, a scientist from the American Hughes Aircraft Company. The U.S. military quickly launched research on military laser devices on this basis. In 1961, the first military laser rangefinder passed the demonstration test of the US military. After that, the laser rangefinder quickly entered the practical community. The laser rangefinder is light in weight, small in size, simple to operate, fast and accurate in reading, and its error is only one-fifth to one percent of that of other optical rangefinders. Therefore, it is widely used in terrain surveying and battlefield surveying. , ranging from tanks, aircraft, ships and artillery to targets, measuring the height of clouds, aircraft, missiles and artificial satellites, etc. It is an important technical equipment to improve the accuracy of tanks, aircraft, ships and artillery. As the price of laser rangefinders continues to drop, the industry has gradually begun to use laser rangefinders. A number of new miniature rangefinders have emerged at home and abroad with the advantages of fast ranging, small size, and reliable performance, and can be widely used.In der industriellen Messung und Steuerung, Bergbau, Häfen und anderen Bereichen.
Laser-Entfernungsmesser verwenden in der Regel zwei Methoden zur Entfernungsmessung: Pulsmethode und Phasenmethode. Der Prozess des Pulsverfahrens ist wie folgt: Der vom Entfernungsmesser emittierte Laser wird von dem zu messenden Objekt reflektiert und dann vom Entfernungsmesser empfangen. Der Entfernungsmesser zeichnet die Hin- und Rückfahrzeit des Lasers auf. Die Hälfte des Produktes der Lichtentwicklung und der Rundlaufzeit ist der Abstand zwischen dem Entfernungsmesser und dem zu messenden Objekt. Die Genauigkeit der Entfernungsmessung durch Pulsmethode beträgt im Allgemeinen etwa +-1 Meter. Darüber hinaus beträgt die Messblindzone dieser Art von Entfernungsmesser in der Regel etwa 15 Meter. Laser-Entfernungsmessung ist eine Entfernungsmessung im Lichtwellenbereich. Wenn Licht mit einer Geschwindigkeit C in der Luft reist und die Zeit bekannt ist, die erforderlich ist, um zwischen zwei Punkten A und B hin und her zu reisen, dann kann der Abstand D zwischen zwei Punkten A und B wie folgt ausgedrückt verwendet werden.
D=ct/2
In the formula:
D: The distance between measuring points A and B:
c: speed;
t: The time it takes for light to travel back and forth between A and B.
It can be seen from the above formula that to measure the distance between A and B is actually to measure the time of light propagation. According to the different time measurement methods, laser rangefinders can usually be divided into two measurement forms: pulse type and phase type. It should be noted that phase measurement does not measure the phase of infrared or laser, but the phase of the signal modulated on infrared or laser. There is a handheld laser rangefinder used in the construction industry for house surveying that works on the same principle.
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